The earliest awareness of include, “made up of” (‘cake consisting of eggs, sugar, and flour’), is generally considered the only correct usage. Its use of meaning “to prepare, to constitute” (‘cake consisting of eggs, sugar, and flour’) is well established, although you may be criticized for using it.
Beginning in the early 20th century, some manuals decided that something was wrong with the way some writers used include. The meaning “made up of” is fine (“complex consists of seven buildings”), but the meaning “composed, composed,” is most familiar in the passive, objectionable form (“complex consisting of seven buildings”). In the active form, we clearly see the actual meaning in an awkward contrast to the meaning “made up of” (“seven buildings comprising the complex”). The Fowler brothers took note of the construction include in their book King’s English. Although the mention is quite succinct, they seem to have half-heartedly suggested using it. including or include more than include.
The form of give and take, in which two words, with different structures, can be used correctly, and one is given the structure of the other. Some companies, include primarily belong to Militia.-Time. (include? include?)— HW Fowler and F. G Fowler, King’s English1907
This is supposed to be just a picture of a blanket.
The “Rules” Around ‘Inclusion’
This restriction on the use of include can be neatly summed up by quoting the writer using Roy Copperud, who in 1970 averaged “The entire include parts; therefore include is wrong.” The combination of include with belong to hardly new; Although not the earliest meaning of the word, it has been used for hundreds of years.
The third includes many and sundry (as suppose many bodies are understood in one name:) such as people, a congregation, an army, a legion.— SR, Option to change1585
Accordingly, they naturally gathered (according to Marsilius Ficinus, Censorinus, & Aulus Gellius doe testify) that all the years of September, or the years include the seauen; doe heralds changes, big changes; & cannot (as it were) such tears can pass without great danger, altering life, property, health or complexion. On this occasion, the first year of the year, the fourteenth, the twenty-first, the twenty-eighth, the thirty-five, the forty-two, the forty-nine, etc. Treasures of the Ancient and Moderne Times1613
Historical and Modern Usages of ‘Compised Of’
It should be noted that simply being used for hundreds of years does not necessarily make the construction accurate. It should also be noted, however, that a group of authors deciding that a well-established usage is wrong does not necessarily result in a wrong construct. There is substantial evidence of include in well-edited publications throughout the 20th century:
…it is believed that the human species consists of a single species.— Ashley Montagu, The most dangerous legend of men[1945
…many centers today include militant groups.— Irving Louis Horowitz, central magazineMay 1969
The audience, consisting mainly of college students wearing sneakers and denim….— William Kucewicz, The Wall Street JournalJanuary 19, 1981
And in the present century too:
As a country that is 99% marine, Maldives considers fishing not only an industry but also a way of life. — Rosie Magudia, guardAugust 30, 2013
Even if you look down on include and have considered removing it from other people’s posts as your life’s work, chances are you never reached the level of dedication shown by the Wikipedia editor, who over a period of many years deleted tens of thousands of uses include from that site (in addition to writing a 5,000-word explanatory article).
It seems safe to say that few of us have this level of aversion to any particular use of a word. Many people don’t see anything wrong with include, although they may still feel apprehensive about using it, as there are others who strongly oppose its use. If you are one of those shy writers of include We can give you the following words from us Dictionary using English:
Our advice to you is to realize that controversial meanings are established and standard, yet subject to criticism. If such criticism worries you, you can avoid it include using compose, compile, structureor make upwhichever sentence best fits yours.
Categories: Usage Notes
Source: vothisaucamau.edu.vn
