Is there a difference between ‘instinctive’ and ‘instinctual?

There is a subtle distinction in usage instinctively And instinct. instinct often used in the sense of “instinctively controlled” when describing a particular behavior (as in “an instinctively response”). instinct has an analytical rather than “instinctive” meaning, more commonly used by scientists when defining a process or pattern than any particular behaviour.

adjectives instinctively And instinct very similar and used similarly in many contexts. As such, their definitions also have a lot in common.

instinct is defined as “of, relating to, or being instinctive” and “driven by natural instinct or tendency: arising spontaneously.”

instinct displayed as an instinctively indeterminate run in Merriam-Webster Online. In Merriam-Webster Unabridged, it has its own entry and definition: “of, relating to, or instinctively based on,” with examples of “instinct behavior” and “the instinct society of social insects.

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‘Instinct’ tends to appear in scientific articles about evolutionary instincts.

Instinct versus instinct

Some older or more conservative commentators find the words almost synonymous and say that instinctively Where to meet all needs instinct may be considered. Grammarian HW Fowler, in Modern English usagecall instinct an “extra word”: “Why people should think it is necessary to create a new word based on similarity of contract, habit, etc., is not clear; perhaps psychologists want a character their own words.”

Notably, Fowler has a tendency to attribute instinct to psychologists. There is no historical evidence that psychologists are responsible for coining the word. The earliest citation given in the OED is not from a scientific paper but a 1924 novel by Gilbert Knox (the pseudonym of Canadian author Madge Macbeth).

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But instinct tend to appear in science-related articles about evolutionary instincts. A writer from a scientific background may be more responsible than the average person for noticing a difference in usage between instinctively And instinctand more importantly, there may be a tendency to see the need for such a distinction.

In Scientific Writing

That may be why recent commentators see a difference between the two: namely, instinctively describe something (like an action) done or controlled by one’s instincts:

All at once, with a instinctively When she regained consciousness, Kit knew that she was not alone, that someone was very close. —Elizabeth George Speare, The Witch of Blackbird Pond1958

This is not a memory that misses out in heated debate. This is dishonest, a repeated misrepresentation, for the sake of asserting power, so brazen and systematic that only instinctively The response (Overdone!) was that of the schoolyard. —Joan Didion, New York Magazine of BooksOctober 5, 2006

instincton the other hand, it tends to be used in contexts where it means “instinct related”, describing not specific behaviors but the concept of the behavior itself. For that reason instinct tends to be used more in scientific writing:

Such inevitability is a sign of instinct behavior in any species, guided to certain states by emotional rules of mental development. — EO Wilson, AtlanticApril 1998

Vertebrate biologists have long assumed that snakes are generally asocial animals, living simply in solitude with only basic needs. instinct towards food and sex. — Rulon W. Clark, Natural historyMarch 2005

If you find yourself needing to choose between instinctively And instinctYour best bet may be to trust your instincts.

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Categories: Usage Notes
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